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<meta name="description" content="1234567num2 = 100sum1 = lambda num1 : num1 + num2 num2 = 10000sum2 = lambda num1 : num1 + num2 print( sum1( 1 ) )#10001print( sum2( 1 ) )#10001 lambda 表达式中的 num2 是一个自由变量，在运行时绑定值，而不是定义时就绑定，这跟函数的默认值参数定义">
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<meta property="og:description" content="1234567num2 = 100sum1 = lambda num1 : num1 + num2 num2 = 10000sum2 = lambda num1 : num1 + num2 print( sum1( 1 ) )#10001print( sum2( 1 ) )#10001 lambda 表达式中的 num2 是一个自由变量，在运行时绑定值，而不是定义时就绑定，这跟函数的默认值参数定义">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="1234567num2 = 100sum1 = lambda num1 : num1 + num2 num2 = 10000sum2 = lambda num1 : num1 + num2 print( sum1( 1 ) )#10001print( sum2( 1 ) )#10001 lambda 表达式中的 num2 是一个自由变量，在运行时绑定值，而不是定义时就绑定，这跟函数的默认值参数定义">



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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">(16) python补充</h1>
        

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        <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">num2 = 100</span><br><span class="line">sum1 = lambda num1 : num1 + num2 </span><br><span class="line">num2 = 10000</span><br><span class="line">sum2 = lambda num1 : num1 + num2 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">print( sum1( 1 ) )#10001</span><br><span class="line">print( sum2( 1 ) )#10001</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>lambda 表达式中的 num2 是一个自由变量，在运行时绑定值，而不是定义时就绑定，这跟函数的默认值参数定义是不同的。<br><strong>打印乘法表</strong><br><strong>占位符</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#方法1</span><br><span class="line">for i in range(1, 10):</span><br><span class="line">    for j in range(1, i+1):</span><br><span class="line"> # end=&apos;&apos; 意思是末尾不换行，加空格</span><br><span class="line">        print(&apos;&#123;&#125;x&#123;&#125;=&#123;&#125;\t&apos;.format(i, j, i*j), end=&apos;&apos;) </span><br><span class="line">    print()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#方法2</span><br><span class="line">for m in range(1, 10):</span><br><span class="line">    for n in range(1, m+1):</span><br><span class="line">        print(&apos;%d*%d=%d\t&apos;%(n,m,n*m), end=&apos;&apos;)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">    print()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><strong>while 与for (待补充)</strong></p>
<p><strong>从键盘获取输入信息：input</strong><br>在 Python 中可以使用 input 函数从键盘等待用户的输入<br>用户输入的 任何内容 Python 都认为是一个 字符串</p>
<p><strong>格式化输出：print</strong><br>如果希望输出文字信息的同时，一起输出 数据，就需要使用到 格式化操作符<br>% 被称为 格式化操作符，专门用于处理字符串中的格式<br>包含 % 的字符串，被称为 格式化字符串<br>% 和不同的 字符 连用，不同类型的数据 需要使用 不同的格式化字符</p>
<blockquote>
<p>格式化字符   含义<br>%s       字符串<br>%d       有符号十进制整数，%06d 表示输出的整数显示位数，不足的地方使用 0 补全<br>%f      浮点数，%.2f 表示小数点后只显示两位<br>%%      输出 %</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>随机数生成</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import random</span><br><span class="line">#导入模块后，可以直接在 模块名称 后面敲一个 . 然后按 Tab 键，会提示该模块中包含的所有函数</span><br><span class="line">#random.randint(a, b) ，返回 [a, b] 之间的整数，包含 a 和 b</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">random.randint(12, 20)  # 生成的随机数n: 12 &lt;= n &lt;= 20   </span><br><span class="line">random.randint(20, 20)  # 结果永远是 20   </span><br><span class="line">random.randint(20, 10)  # 该语句是错误的，下限必须小于上限。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>随机数的小游戏</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import random</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 从控制台输入要出的拳 —— 石头（1）／剪刀（2）／布（3）</span><br><span class="line">player = int(input(&quot;请输入您要出的拳 石头（1）／剪刀（2）／布（3）：&quot;))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 电脑 随机 出拳 —— 先假定电脑只会出石头，完成整体代码功能</span><br><span class="line">computer = random.randint(1, 3)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">print(&quot;玩家选择的拳头是 %d - 电脑出的拳是 %d&quot; % (player, computer))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 比较胜负</span><br><span class="line"># 1 石头 胜 剪刀</span><br><span class="line"># 2 剪刀 胜 布</span><br><span class="line"># 3 布 胜 石头</span><br><span class="line"># if (()</span><br><span class="line">#        or ()</span><br><span class="line">#        or ()):</span><br><span class="line">if ((player == 1 and computer == 2)</span><br><span class="line">        or (player == 2 and computer == 3)</span><br><span class="line">        or (player == 3 and computer == 1)):</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    print(&quot;欧耶，电脑弱爆了！&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"># 平局</span><br><span class="line">elif player == computer:</span><br><span class="line">    print(&quot;真是心有灵犀啊，再来一盘&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"># 其他的情况就是电脑获胜</span><br><span class="line">else:</span><br><span class="line">    print(&quot;不服气，我们决战到天明！&quot;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import random</span><br><span class="line">guess_list = [&quot;石头&quot;, &quot;剪刀&quot;, &quot;布&quot;]</span><br><span class="line">win_combination = [[&quot;布&quot;, &quot;石头&quot;], [&quot;石头&quot;, &quot;剪刀&quot;], [&quot;剪刀&quot;, &quot;布&quot;]]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">while True:</span><br><span class="line">    computer = random.choice(guess_list)</span><br><span class="line">    people = input(&apos;请输入：石头,剪刀,布\n&apos;).strip()</span><br><span class="line">    if people not in guess_list:</span><br><span class="line">        continue</span><br><span class="line">    elif computer == people:</span><br><span class="line">        print (&quot;平手，再玩一次！&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">    elif [computer, people] in win_combination:</span><br><span class="line">        print (&quot;电脑获胜，再玩，人获胜才能退出！&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">    else:</span><br><span class="line">        print (&quot;人获胜！&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">        break</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>函数</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def print_code(code):</span><br><span class="line">    print(code)</span><br><span class="line">    #return None</span><br><span class="line">print_code(&apos;python&apos;)  # python</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">def add(x,y):</span><br><span class="line">    result=x+y</span><br><span class="line">    return result</span><br><span class="line">a = add(1,2)</span><br><span class="line">print(a)  # 3</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">def add1(x,y):</span><br><span class="line">    result = x + y</span><br><span class="line">    print(result)</span><br><span class="line">add1(1,2)  # 3</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">def add2(x,y):</span><br><span class="line">    result = x + y</span><br><span class="line">    print(&apos;%d + %d = %d&apos;%(x,y,x+y))</span><br><span class="line">add2(1,2)  # 1 + 2 = 3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>####多值参数<br>有时可能需要 一个函数 能够处理的参数 个数 是不确定的，这个时候，就可以使用 多值参数。</p>
<p><strong>python 中有 两种 多值参数：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>参数名前增加 一个 * 可以接收 元组<br>参数名前增加 两个 ** 可以接收 字典</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>一般在给多值参数命名时，习惯使用以下两个名字</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>args —— 存放 元组 参数，前面有一个 </em><br><strong>kwargs —— 存放 字典 参数，前面有两个 </strong></p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def demo(num, *args, **kwargs):</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    print(num)</span><br><span class="line">    print(args)</span><br><span class="line">    print(kwargs)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">demo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, name=&quot;小明&quot;, age=18, gender=True)</span><br><span class="line">#1</span><br><span class="line">#(2, 3, 4, 5)</span><br><span class="line">#&#123;&apos;name&apos;: &apos;小明&apos;, &apos;age&apos;: 18, &apos;gender&apos;: True&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">demo(1,(2,3,4,5),&#123;&quot;name&quot;:&quot;小明&quot;, &quot;age&quot;:18, &quot;gender&quot;:True&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">#1</span><br><span class="line">#((2, 3, 4, 5), &#123;&apos;name&apos;: &apos;小明&apos;, &apos;age&apos;: 18, &apos;gender&apos;: True&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">#&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">demo(1,(2,3,4,5), name=&quot;小明&quot;, age=18, gender=True)</span><br><span class="line">#1</span><br><span class="line">#((2, 3, 4, 5),)</span><br><span class="line">#&#123;&apos;name&apos;: &apos;小明&apos;, &apos;age&apos;: 18, &apos;gender&apos;: True&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>元组和字典的拆包</strong><br>在调用带有多值参数的函数时，如果希望：<br>将一个 元组变量，直接传递给 args<br>将一个 字典变量，直接传递给 kwargs<br>就可以使用 拆包，简化参数的传递，拆包 的方式是：<br>在 元组变量前，增加 一个 <em><br>在 字典变量前，增加 两个 </em><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def demo(*args, **kwargs):</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    print(args)</span><br><span class="line">    print(kwargs)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 需要将一个元组变量/字典变量传递给函数对应的参数</span><br><span class="line">gl_nums = (1, 2, 3)</span><br><span class="line">gl_xiaoming = &#123;&quot;name&quot;: &quot;小明&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 18&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 会把 num_tuple 和 xiaoming 作为元组传递个 args</span><br><span class="line">demo(gl_nums, gl_xiaoming)</span><br><span class="line">#((1, 2, 3), &#123;&apos;name&apos;: &apos;小明&apos;, &apos;age&apos;: 18&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">#&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line">demo(*gl_nums, **gl_xiaoming)</span><br><span class="line">#(1, 2, 3)</span><br><span class="line">#&#123;&apos;name&apos;: &apos;小明&apos;, &apos;age&apos;: 18&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><strong>函数的返回值</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># Python 专有，利用元组交换两个变量的值</span><br><span class="line">a, b = b, a</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>#面向对象(补充)</p>

      
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